In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:II Repressive and 'Nonrepressive' Defenses 1 HE preceding chapter explored the varying usages of 'repression ' and 'defense' and concluded that, at their most general level, they had the same meaning. As was suggested, a great clarification of Freud's theory becomes possible if we grasp the fact that the concept of repression and defense had as its main theoretical referent the idea of unobservable inner psychic forces interacting and producing a variety of observable effects. Chapter I mentioned some of these effects. The rest of Part One will attempt to show the whole range of effects on psychological processes resulting from interaction of force and counterforce. In doing this it is useful to distinguish among several general types of these effects, such as effects seen as resistance in therapy, effects on emotional inhibition, and effects on childhood responses to unbearable tension states, with more particular varieties grouped within these broader classes. REPRESSIVE DEFENSES We shall begin in the present short chapter with one of these general groupings implicit although not specifically named by Freud in the writings reviewed in Chapter I.
Since he used both 'repression' and 'defense' in referring to the concept underlyingthis group of effects, it is appropriate to call them 'repressive defenses.' They may be defined as those mechanisms of ego-protection that rely upon alterations of the conscious representation of dangerous-impulse-associated mental content as their principal means of controlling anxiety. Repressive defenses include amnesia, conversion, reaction-formation, projection, displacement (substitution ), isolation, undoing, and denial. 31 FREUD'S CONCEPT OF REPRESSION AND DEFENSE Repressive defenses were the first to be distinguished by Freud, and it seems probable that their common orientation around alterations of conscious representation as a means of controlling anxiety reflects the fact that psychoanalysishistorically began with the studyof consciousness and unconsciousness.
'INSTINCTS AND THEIR VICISSITUDES' Written between March 15 and April 4, 1915, and immediately published, Instincts and Their Vicissitudes opens the 'collection which I originally intended to publish in book form under the title 'Preliminaries to a Metapsychology.' The intention of the series is to clarify and carry deeper the theoretical assumptions on which a psycho-analytic system. 'INSTINCTS AND THEIR VICISSITUDES' Written between March 15 and April 4, 1915, and immediately published, Instincts and Their Vicissitudes opens the 'collection which I originally intended to publish in book form under the title 'Preliminaries to a Metapsychology.' The intention of the series is to clarify and carry deeper the theoretical assumptions on which a psycho-analytic system.
There is some suggestiveevidence in his 1915 paper on 'Instincts and Their Vicissitudes' that Freud himself moved in the direction of recognizing a classification that set off repressive defenses from other defenses. There Freud commented: 'Observation shows us that an instinct may undergo the followingvicissitudes: — Reversal into its opposite. Turning round upon the subject's own self. Since I do not intend to treat of sublimation here and since repression requires a special chapter to itself, it only remains for us to describe and discuss the two first points. Bearing in mind that there are motive forces which work against an instinct's being carried through in an unmodified form we may also regard these vicissitudesas modes of defence against the instincts.' 126-127.) There are at least two points of interest about this 1915 classification of defenses.
One is that repression is separated off from the other three as being based upon some property not shared with the rest. Secondly, most of the defenses that are herein called repressive defenses are not listed, even though they had regularly been a part of Freud's writings on repression and defense in the years preceding this paper. There is, then, the definite possibility that the 'repression' Freud lists is intendedto cover such other defenses, rather than only amnesic forgetting, especially since this particular article was one of a theoretical series of which the 'Repression ' paper was the next written. It will be recalled that it was in this latter paper that Freud defined repression as '. Turning something away, and keeping it at a distance,from the conscious' (1915b, p.
As I pointed out earlier, this definition is far broader than amnesia, and clearly covers what I have called repressive defenses. The possibility that 'repression' in this 1915 'Vicissitudes' classification meant, in fact, repressive defenses is further heightened by Freud's reasons, given in the immediately following 'Repression' paper, for listing reversal and turninground upon the self as defenses to bedistinguished 32 REPRESSIVE AND 'NONREPRESSIVE' DEFENSES from repression. In that paper Freud said: '. Repression is not a defensive mechanism which is present from the very beginning, and. It cannot arise until a sharp cleavage has occurred between conscious and unconscious mental activity. Before the mental organization reaches this stage, the task of fending off instinctual impulses is dealt with by the other vicissitudes which instincts may undergo —e.g. Reversal into the opposite or turning round upon the subject's own self.'
147.) In other words, reversal and turning round upon the self, Freud is saying, do not have the alteration of consciousness as their main means of achieving ego-protection. These two defenses must result.
Sql 2008 r2 release. PEP-Web Tip of the DayThe Author Section is a useful way to review an author’s works published in PEP-Web. It is ordered alphabetically by the Author’s surname. After clicking the matching letter, search for the author’s full name.For the complete list of tips, see on the PEP-Web support page.Freud, S.
Instincts and their Vicissitudes. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume XIV (1914-1916): On the History of the Psycho-Analytic Movement, Papers on Metapsychology and Other Works, 109-140. Welcome to PEP Web!Viewing the full text of this document requires a subscription to PEP Web.If you are coming in from a university from a registered IP address or secure referral page you should not need to log in. Contact your university librarian in the event of problems.If you have a personal subscription on your own account or through a Society or Institute please put your username and password in the box below. Any difficulties should be reported to your group administrator.
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Freud Instincts And Their Vicissitudes Pdf Meaning
If this does not work for you for customer support information.OpenAthens or federation user?Not already a subscriber?Freud, S. SEN109a1Instincts and their Vicissitudes. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume XIV (1914-1916): On the History of the Psycho-Analytic Movement, Papers on Metapsychology and Other Works, 109-140SEN109a1Instincts and their VicissitudesSigmund FreudThis Page Left Intentionally BlankThis Page Left Intentionally Blank SEN109a2Editor's Note to 'Instincts and their Vicissitudes'James StracheySEN109a3( a) German Editions:SEN109a41915 Triebe Und Triebschicksale Int. Psychoanal., 3 (2), 84-100.SEN109a51918 Triebe Und Triebschicksale S.K.S.N., 4, 252-278.
(1922, 2nd ed.)SEN109a61924 Triebe Und Triebschicksale G.S., 5, 443-465.SEN109a71924 Triebe Und Triebschicksale Technik und Metapsychol., 16-187.SEN109a81931 Triebe Und Triebschicksale Theoretische Schriften, 58-82.SEN109a91946 Triebe Und Triebschicksale G.W., 10, 210-232.SEN109a10( b) English Translation:SEN1 ‘Instincts and their Vicissitudes’ C.P., 4, 69-83. Baines.)SEN109a12The present translation, though based on that of 1925, has been very largely rewritten.SEN109a13Freud began writing this paper on March 15, 1915; it and the following one (‘ Repression’) had been completed by April 4.SEN109a14It should be remarked by way of preface that here (and throughout the Standard Edition) the English word ‘ instinct’ stands for the German ‘Trieb’. The choice of this English equivalent rather than such possible alternatives as ‘ drive’ or ‘urge’ is discussed in the General Preface to the first volume of the edition. The word ‘ instinct’ is in any case not used here in the sense which seems at the moment to be the most current among biologists.This is a summary or excerpt from the full text of the book or article. The full text of the document is available to subscribers.